(personal opinions from me, i did not design this feature)
You are matched together with the intend that you play together.
Dodging itself impacts 9 players that now have been thrown out and have to wait for the next match. Thats likely one of the reasons why there is punishment to discourage this. Yes you might have valid reasons to dodge, then you will have to accept the punishment and weigh it up.
If not then you might just dodge every game just because not all four in your team won all of their last 10 games and clearly you can not be expected to carry them.
When it comes to trolling as soon as a player dodges you could interpret it as the troll being successful.
In regards of vote kick systems there are some interesting an more in depth discussions on this board than this thread.