There's one way to get out of Elo Hell, in my opinion. You've got to learn to Ward. Unless you're the AD carry and you have a warding support, Ward.
At this low of an elo, just warding gives you one hell of an advantage. Place Pink wards at dragon around 7-8 minutes, and Baron around 15 minutes. Green ward the entrances to all Jungle, yours and their's. If your team seems to be heavy on one side of the map, then ward that side more. I generally spend around 1k gold a game on wards alone, and I've climbed pretty fast doing so.
Its amazing how fast catching 2 off guard with a 5 man team, the others come trying to save them but its too late. Once you get out of Elo hell, then you can truly work on your skills to improve your score. Until then, playing against mediocre competition isn't going to make you better. It might even make you worse.
Most of all, don't lose your patience. I generally start playing badly when I'm raged at, just because I'm annoyed and quit paying attention. Its hard not to. If you want to, wait until you've lost the game.
There is nothing you can do to win every game, but in my opinion the Jungle has the ability to save every lane, and if you get at least one good lane as a jungler, you can focus on supporting the bad two.
Jungling in my opinion has the greatest effect on a team, try and pick someone with a fast Jungle and good ganks. I like Riven personally because she can get in and out fast, and her spammable skills help her move quickly. Also I take ghost, which allows me to rush to a lane in trouble.
Whatever path you decide, remember to ward. I cannot emphasize enough how much wards help. They keep you from getting gank and give you great gank opportunities. You can steal Baron/Dragon, and with pink wards keep them from warding either.
I hope I helped, and I also hope some others will listen as well. I recently got trolled to 1350 and I'm kind of annoyed with the people I've been queing with. One thing I've noticed though, since I started going ward happy: You get trolled much less even if you're doing badly.