I've lost 11 of the 12 ranked games I've played in the last 2 days, due to similar problems as the OP. I've played every role except jungle, I've won or helped win my lane, I've helped gank other lanes, I've had a positive KDA ratio in every game. We've still lost, because I can't depend on random Bronze or Silver (because who knows what league you're matched with in games) to do the same. I started strong, from 0 to 88 points in 4 games; now I'm at -13.
Down here in the lower ELO Hells, people don't care about "counterpicking", team composition, or the Summoner's Code; all they care about is calling lanes, sticking to their one build, not wasting money on wards and above all else, turning on each other (there's always at least one) when a game goes south. The insanity is infecting me, like Malzahar's Malefic Visions, provoking me to respond in kind and resulting in feeling purely awful at the end of every game.
For the longest time I held on to this ideal that ranked games were the land of the best of the best, where you train hard, play competitively and win or lose as a team, knowing everyone gave it their best shot. I distanced myself from playing ranked until I felt experienced enough to have learned and continue learning from my mistakes, and to compete with others doing the same.
How foolish.
This isn't Starcraft, where you win or lose, purely on your own. This is League of Legends; where one teammate can cost the game yet people don't care about teamwork; where the majority of players don't respond well to strangers, yet solo queue anyways; where adjusting to the flow of a match is only something you see done on Youtube.
I'm at my Wit's End, with no On-Hit effect or MR. If only there were a friendly subcommunity/chat channel for people who truly cared to rise above.