Let talk Items -
A lot of young players use the incorrect items right from the start, build the wrong items, and even more commonly than both of these build items in the wrong order. Correcting the latter is very difficult and comes with experience. Even to this day i screw up my build order and do not notice till i am mentally reviewing the game. Correcting the first two can be done simply by having it explained you, and then putting a little thought in on your own.
To try and accomplish the goal of helping you improve i am going to go over very common starts and common builds for various roles. Following that, i will go over items individually and try my best to relay what i have learned about the function and benefit of each.
This may end up being a several day project and probably deserves its own thread, however i'll do my best for you so hang with me.
The last note id like to make is that there are many other ideals for how to build champs than the ones i am going to go over here, but if your young and you are following these guide lines you won't be doing badly.
-Support -
now the main goal of a support in the laning phase is to keep your ranged ad safe, both in the lane and from ganks. Latter the goal will be much more focused on incremental advantage in team fights and map control.
To start you almost always want a faerie charm, 3 wards, and a health pot or two. The reason you start this way is to provide the maximum duration you can support using skills hence the charm. The wards are the best way to discourage ganks in your lane. Place a ward up the river to stop jungle ganks. You want the ward to be able to see the jungler coming so usually this means at the entrance to your opponents jungle. A lot of young players want to place it in the bush next to bottom lane but the reality is this gives little warning if you are pushed up. Another ward can be placed in the bushes along the bottom wall, so that your range can still harass if their team tries to hide in them to coordinate spikes or to just leach exp. On your first base back you are going to want to change the faerie charm into a philosophers stone and get boots one if possible. The philo stone is necessary because you should not be farming minions at all, but still need to gain some money so you can keep placing wards. After this support builds are dependent on the support champion but are predominated by cheaper items that provide bonuses to team mates near you. It is not uncommon for a support to finish the game with only a philo stone, boots 2, and 1-2 other small items such as aegis of the legion, and one personal defensive item. A support should never end up with 6 items because they need to keep the 6th slot open for wards.
To start -
faerie charm, 3 wards , X health pot (possible to start with 4 vision wards or 2 vision and 1 sight ward now)
faerie charm -> philo stone
boots 1,
a heart of gold or kage's lucky pick
boots 2
zeke's herald and/or an aegis
philo stone -> Shurelya's Revere
To finish -
Banshee's veil / Frozen Heart or possibly Randin's omen (although these are situational items)
2nd defensive item if you are a taric or alistar(In addition to the options above Force of nature is acceptable here for these 2). Or a Will of the Ancients / Stark's fervor for sona, janna, soraka.
Make sure to leave a spot open for wards.
-Ranged AD -
For a ranged AD you want to be able to stay in the lane as long as possible early, and then be built for big damage late. Usually this means starting some item that will keep you in lane, and latter having five offensive items, and one defensive item in case you get caught.
To start you will want Boots 1 + 3 pots.
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In any match up where your opponent ranged AD has the same or less range than you, typically the best start is a Doran's Blade. If however you have less range it is acceptable to substitute Doran's shield. In the event your opponent has a lot of poke potential with skill shot based abilities you may want to start with boots 1. All of these focus in on the goal of staying in the lane as long as possible.
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To finish off your build you should have phantom dancer, infinity edge, last whisper, and Bloodthirster. Then you conluded your 6th slot with a defensive item chosen from Banshee's Veil or Guardian Angel.
Again there are other ways to build a ranged ad but as a young player if you stick to this setup it will always be strong until you've gotten good enough to start making your own decisions.
Example start -
boots 1 + 3 pots
2x doran's blade
boots 2
Bf sword
pickaxe
-> Infinity edge
Zeal
PIckaxe -> last whisper
BF sword -> Bloodthirster
zeal -> phantom dancer
Example Finish -
Berzerker's greaves
Infinity edge
Last Whisper
Bloodthirster
Phantom dancer
(Gaurdian angel or Banshee's veil)
Another example finish -
berzerker's greaves
Madred's Bloodrazors
Black Cleaver
Bloodthirster
Bloodthirster
(gaurdian angel or Banshee's veil)
-Mid-
A lot of the time mid is ap, but that can vary. I am going to go off the assumption that you are playing a straight AP (annie, brand, anivia, malzahar, Kathus, Morgana, Zilian) In this scenario you are again going to build largely damage. Ideally you need to be dishing out damage like there is no tomorrow. The occasional Banshee's Veil is fine, but aside from that you pretty much just want as high a burst as possible.
To Start -
Boots 1 + 3 pots
tear of the goddess, Catalyst the protector, or Doran's ring x2
Sorcerer's Boots
tear of the goddess -> archangel's staff or Catalyst -> Rod of the ages (if you went Doran's Ring x2 you might want a 3rd ring)
Rabbadon's Deathcap
Void Staff
Zhonya's hourglass or Abyssal Scepter
then Zhonya's or Abyssal Scepter whichever you didn't build
It is entirely reasonable to replace abyssal with a banshee's veil in some cases.
-Top-
Top probably has the most variance in the game from any of the other positions except maybe jungle. Frequently if you are top you will be a tank or tanky dps. I can give you idea how to play either of these, but for champs like akali who also goes top frequently your going to have to go look up some builds. If you need to look up a build the feature guides on solomid.net are a good place to start.
Now when you are playing tanky dps you sometimes need to build full tank, sometimes you need full damage, and sometimes you need some middle ground. I'll try and give example builds of these. Items listed side by side are meant to be built in that order (example: phage, zeal, shen means build phage first and shen last.) An "->" means to build into the following items at that time. Finally a "/" means to build, but you'll have to decide the order as it is match dependent
tanky dps full damage -
boots 1 + 3 health pots
Heart of gold
-> Merc treads or Ninja Tabai
phage, zeal, shen
-> Trinity force
Bf Sword
-> Infinity edge
-> Randuin's omen
Atma's Impaler / Force of Nature
tanky Dps Full tank -
Boots + 3 pots
Philo Stone
boots 1
Heart of Gold
-> merc treads or ninja tabai
phage, Giant's belt
-> Frozen mallet
-> randuin's omen
Atma's Impaler/ Force of nature
Finish with Bansee's veil or Gaurdian Angel
tanky Dps hybrid -
Boots + 3 pots
Philo stone
boots 1
Heart of gold
-> Merc treads
phage, shen, zeal
-> trinity force
-> Randuin's Omen
Atma's Impaler
Force of Nature
Bf Sword
-> Bloodthirster
As you can see there is a lot of fine tuning to be done here with very slight changes between each build. While it may not seem significant, it does severely change the way you play in the mid game and late game. To set these builds up i thought about how i play Jarvan, Nasus, and Irelia. I would change a few things between each champ, but the core idea is still the same. To build a Tank top such as singed or cho i would essentially follow the tank build suggestion with a few minor tweaks here and there such as building and early catalyst and turning it into a Rod of ages in replace of Frozen mallet.
-Jungle -
Junglers as i mentioned above have a huge variance in what they build, largely because there is a huge variance in what junglers you can play. A good deal of the junglers fall into the tanky dps category so they build very similarly. I'll go ahead and go over a couple different ways to build a jungler like i did for tanky dps. You will probably notice a good deal of similarities between them. To give you an idea of how i am building these champs i am thinking largely about Udyr, GP, and Lee Sin whom i tend to play the most.
Tanky DPS hybrid -
Cloth + 5 potions
Boots1
-> Madred's Razors
Vampiric Scepter
-> Wriggel's Lantern
-> merc Treads or ninja tabai
Heat of Gold
phage, zeal, shen
-> trinity force
Atma's Impaler / Force of nature
-> Randuin's Omen
Sell Wriggels for Bloodthirster
Jungle Damage -
cloth + 5 potions
boots 1
->Madred's Razor
Vampiric Scepter
-> Wriggel's lantern
-> Merc Treads, Ninja Tabai, or Berzerker's Greaves
Heart of Gold
phage, zeal, shen
-> Trinity Force
Bf Sword
-> Infinity Edge
Atma's Impaler
-> Randuin's Omen
Sell Wriggle's for Force of Nature or Bloodthirster
Jungle Tank -
Cloth + 5 pots
Boots 1
-> Madred's Razor
Vampiric Scepter
-> Wriggel's Lantern
-> Merc Treads of ninja tabai
Heart of Gold
Phage, Giant's Belt
-> Frozen Mallet
Atma's Impaler / Force of Nature
->Randuin's Omen
Usually don't bother selling Wriggel's for this build, rather i end up starting to triple pot after this.
Well there you have it guys. Here are some sample builds for each role to get you started. Again, there are many ways to build all of these champs, but this should set you on the correct path. In the next section I'll go over some common items that are misused, and should be avoided. For now good luck building your skills of this.