Kass and Olaf fair enough as counters to Veigar, but Morgana isn't. Veigar can do his full combo over creeps whilst Morgana cannot, not to mention that a lot of Morgana's tend to push creeps towards tower, which just makes it easy to q farm for a good Veigar. And once your about 10 minutes in you have 40 farmed ap or more, which is easily enough to push Morgs just as hard as they push you. And if the Morg is focused more on just last hitting and trying to herd you into a bind or gank you can still farm easily as Veigar, and it more or less comes down to who can control their lane better.
Morgana doesn't counter Veigar, Veigar is a counter to her. Not a very hard counter, but still a counter (this is assuming its a decent Veigar and not some ****** rushing deathgrasp).
Also, why isn't AP sion the first counter to Kassidin? Kassadin's q doesnt break Sion's shield, so Sion can just sit in the creeps and push lane hard against the tower all day, or if Kass goes in to deep he can tun burst Kass for half his health.
As for Ashe in my personal experience an Ashe Soraka lane beats a Cait anything lane. Ashe just sits back and farms and scales a lot better, and Caitlyn is bound to push the lane with a stray Piltover, so its free kills for the jungler. As for graves i find that with a good sustain support Ashe can just keep up with Graves and scale better than him into the late game. Vayne is iffy but i wouldn't consider her a counter.
Dunkey says fiddle has the capacity to shut down tryndamere, so it must be true
DDD Pretty sure its the part where Trynd ults, fiddle fears and then just lifesteals Trynd until he dies, or chase the running Trynd and snipe him with your silence.
Oh and GP as a counter for veigar mid. He outpokes, oranges the stun, and has an ult slow which should count as a dead veigar because he has no escapes apart from flash.
Edit: I just thought of something. Why isn't Merc Treads and Randuins counted as counter items for Ashe? A combo between Randuin slow and Mercs means she can't kite you around as easily. True, thornmail would mean that if she kites you she is slowly killing herself, but she can get a banshees veil fo the mag res and health, and just out-lifesteal the damage.